True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true
or false.
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1.
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Centers for
the growing East-West trade of spices, perfumes, and silks included Venice, Genoa, and
Pisa.
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2.
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During the
Renaissance, rulers discouraged exploration outside of Europe.
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3.
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Information
from explorers assisted mapmakers in creating more accurate land and sea maps.
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4.
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Vasco de
Gama and Bartholomeu Dias were early European explorers who sailed around Africa.
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5.
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Columbus
made four voyages to the Americas claiming land for Portugal as far south as northern South
America.
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6.
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Spain and
Portugal agreed to divide ownership of the entire unexplored world.
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7.
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Pizarro was
able to conquer the Inca following the death of the Inca ruler, Atahualpa.
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8.
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The Seven
Cities of Cibola were finally discovered by Juan Ponce de León.
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9.
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The taxing
of Native Americans by the Spanish led to improved living conditions for the Native
Americans.
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10.
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Mercantilism
led to economic competition among the countries of Europe.
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11.
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Henry Hudson
sailed west from northern England on his voyage to North America.
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12.
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French fur
traders established trading posts in Quebec and other parts of Canada.
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Multiple Choice
Identify the
letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
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13.
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Who was
Marco Polo? a. | a religious
leader | c. | a
philosopher | b. | a pirate | d. | an explorer and author | | | | |
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14.
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The
historical period of intellectual and artistic creativity is known as the a. | Age of
Enlightenment. | c. | Middle
Ages. | b. | Age of Reason. | d. | Renaissance. | | | | |
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15.
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Which
Portuguese prince laid the groundwork for a new era of exploration? a. | Bartholomeu
Dias | c. | John
II | b. | Henry the
Navigator | d. | Vasco da
Gama | | | | |
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16.
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In 1492
Christopher Columbus sailed to America with the Nina, Pinta, and a. | Cortéz. | c. | Santa María. | b. | Isabella. | d. | Tordesillas. | | | | |
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17.
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Who was the
first Spaniard to land on the mainland of North America? a. | Juan Ponce de
León | c. | Christopher
Columbus | b. | Hernán Cortés | d. | Francisco Pizarro | | | | |
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18.
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The explorer
who first sailed around the southern tip of Africa was a. | Robert de La
Salle. | c. | Vasco da
Gama. | b. | Ferdinand Magellan. | d. | Bartholomeu Dias. | | | | |
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19.
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Who publicly
condemned the cruel treatment of Native Americans by the Spanish? a. | Martin
Luther | c. | Juana Inés de la
Cruz | b. | Bartolomé de Las
Casas | d. | John
Calvin | | | | |
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20.
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England,
France, and the Netherlands hoped to discover a a. | route to Africa. | c. | southwest passage to India. | b. | route to South
America. | d. | northwest passage to
Asia. | | | | |
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21.
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Which
explorer's crew founded Quebec? a. | de Champlain | c. | Cartier | b. | Cabot | d. | Joliet | | | | |
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22.
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What did the
French want to establish in the Americas? a. | gold and silver mines | c. | a fishing and fur trade | b. | new
communities | d. | a slave
trade | | | | |
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23.
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Which
invention helped Marco Polo's Travels gain wider circulation? a. | printing
press | c. | astrolabe | b. | computer | d. | compass | | | | |
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24.
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From their
trading posts in Africa, the Portuguese traded for a. | turquoise. | c. | gold and
slaves. | b. | tea. | d. | salt. | | | | |
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25.
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Under King
Mansa Musa, which city became an important center of Islamic art and learning? a. | Ghana | c. | Algiers | b. | Timbuktu | d. | Morocco | | | | |
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26.
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Which
explorer discovered the long-awaited eastern sea route to Asia? a. | Bartholomeu
Dias | c. | Vasco da
Gama | b. | Christopher
Columbus | d. | Leif
Eriksson | | | | |
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27.
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Which
agreement gave Spain most of North America and South America? a. | Treaty of
Columbus | c. | Treaty of
Portugal | b. | Treaty of Spain | d. | Treaty of Tordesillas | | | | |
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28.
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Hernando de
Soto traveled as far west as present-day a. | Texas. | c. | California. | b. | Oklahoma. | d. | Oregon. | | | | |
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29.
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The right
granted by the Spanish government to the conquistadors that turned Native Americans into slaves was
called a. | encomienda. | c. | Tordesillas. | b. | taxation. | d. | presidio. | | | | |
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30.
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Who believed
that faith rather than good deeds was the way to heaven? a. | Martin
Luther | c. | Bartolomé de las
Casas | b. | Martin Buber | d. | King Henry VIII | | | | |
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31.
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Whose voyage
was used by England as the basis for its claims to North America? a. | Christopher
Columbus | c. | John
Cabot | b. | Robert de La Salle | d. | Henry Hudson | | | | |
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32.
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Which
explorer's crew was the first to sail around the world? a. | Bartholomeu
Dias's | c. | Christopher
Columbus's | b. | Juan Cabrillo's | d. | Ferdinand Magellan's | | | | |
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“This new city [of Taidu] is of a form perfectly square, and twenty-four miles in
extent, each of its sides being six miles. . . . The whole plan of the city was regularly laid out by
line, and the streets in general are consequently so straight, that when a person ascends the wall
over one of the gates, and looks right forward, he can see the gate opposite to him on the other side
of the city. In the public streets there are, on each side, booths and shops of every
description.”
–The Travels of Marco Polo,
1290s | |
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33.
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 When Columbus read this description of a great
city in Cathay (China), he may have been most attracted by _____.a. | not the
opportunity to conquer an unknown people | b. | opportunities for trade in a far-away
land | c. | the great beauty
of the gardens of Taidu | d. | the perfectly square plan of this big
city | | |
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“When his Majesty holds a grand and public court, those who attend it are seated
in the following order. The table of the sovereign is placed on an elevation, and he takes his seat
on the northern side, with his face turned towards the south; and next to him, on his left hand, sits
the Empress. On his right hand are placed his sons, grandsons, and other persons connected with him
by blood, upon seats somewhat lower, so that their heads are on a level with the Emperor's feet. The
other princes and the nobility have their places at still lower tables; and the same rules are
observed with respect to the females, the wives of the sons, grandsons, and other relatives of the
Great Khan being seated on the left hand, at tables in like manner gradually lower; then follow the
wives of the nobility and military officers: so that all are seated according to their respective
ranks and dignities, in the places assigned to them, and to which they are
entitled.” | |
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34.
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 Columbus read descriptions like this one in The
Travels of Marco Polo about _____ after Polo’s journeys.a. | twenty-five
years | c. | two hundred
years | b. | five decades | d. | three centuries | | | | |
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“ . . . The wall of the city has twelve gates, three on each side
of the square, . . .
“. . .
Outside of each of the gates is a suburb so wide that it reaches to and unites with those of the
other nearest gates on both sides, and in length extends to the distance of three or four miles, so
that the number of inhabitants in these suburbs exceeds that of the city itself. Within each suburb
there are, at intervals, as far perhaps as a mile from the city, many hotels, or caravanserais, in
which the merchants arriving from various parts take up their abode; . .
.”
–The Travels of Marco Polo | |
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35.
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 If he read this excerpt about a city in Cathay
visited by Marco Polo, which best describes the kind of society an explorer might hope to
discover on his voyages?a. | an agriculturally-based society
| c. | a
self-sufficient society of villages | b. | a highly developed urban
civilization | d. | a country with
great natural resources | | | | |
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“. . . I have decided upon writing you this letter to
acquaint you with all the events which have occurred in my voyage, and the discoveries which have
resulted from it. Thirty-three days after my departure from [Gomera] I reached the Indian Sea, where
I discovered many islands, thickly peopled, of which I took possession without resistance in the name
of our most illustrious monarch, by public proclamation and with unfurled
banners.”
–Letter from Christopher Columbus to Lord Raphael Sanchez,
March 1493 | |
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36.
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 In this letter to one of his patrons, Columbus
informs him that he has reached the sea near ______.a. | China | c. | America | b. | Japan | d. | India | | | | |
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“To the
first of these islands, which is called by the Indians Guanahani, I gave the name of the blessed
Savior (San Salvador), relying upon whose protection I had reached this as well as the other islands;
to each of these I also gave a name, ordering that one should be called Santa Maria de la Concepcion,
another Fernandina, the third Isabella, the fourth Juana [Cuba], and so with all the rest . .
.”
–Letter from Christopher Columbus to Lord Raphael Sanchez,
March 1493 | |
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37.
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 In this letter to one of his patrons,whose name
does Columbus say that he has chosen for the first island he encountered?a. | Queen Isabella
| c. | Mary de la
Concepcion | b. | the blessed Savior | d. | King Ferdinand | | | | |
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“ . . . As soon as we arrived at that, which as I have said was named Juana, I
proceeded along its coast a short distance westward and found it to be so large and apparently
without termination that I could not suppose it to be an island, but the continental province of
Cathay. Seeing, however, no towns or populous places on the seacoast, but only a few detached houses
and cottages, with whose inhabitants I was unable to communicate because they fled as soon as they
saw us, I went further on, thinking that in my progress I should certainly find some city or village.
. . .” | |
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38.
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 In this letter to one of his patrons, where does
Columbus say he thinks he arrived?a. | India | c. | Cuba | b. | Africa | d. | China | | | | |
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“ . . . As soon as we arrived at that, which as I have said was named Juana, I
proceeded along its coast a short distance westward and found it to be so large and apparently
without termination that I could not suppose it to be an island, but the continental province of
Cathay. Seeing, however, no towns or populous places on the seacoast, but only a few detached houses
and cottages, with whose inhabitants I was unable to communicate because they fled as soon as they
saw us, I went further on, thinking that in my progress I should certainly find some city or village.
. . .” | |
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39.
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 The attractive island of Española, or
Hispaniola, described in this passage, is today called _____.a. | Cuba | c. | Jamaica | b. | Haiti and the Dominican
Republic | d. | Yucatan and
Cozumel | | | | |
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“. . . Finally, to compress into few words the entire summary of my voyage and
speedy return and of the advantages derivable therefrom, I promise, that with a little assistance
afforded me by our most invincible sovereigns, I will procure them as much gold as they need, as
great a quantity of spices, of cotton, . . . and as many men for the service of the navy as Their
Majesties may require. I promise also rhubarb and other sorts of drugs, which I am persuaded the men
whom I have left in the aforesaid fortress have found already and will continue to find; . .
.” | |
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40.
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 In this excerpt from a 1493 letter to one of his
patrons, Columbus reports that _____.a. | he has discovered rich cities and many good opportunities for
future trade | b. | the native peoples he has encountered have been friendly and
generous | c. | he has found many valuable materials in unlimited
quantities | d. | he barely escaped and that the settlers he has left behind are
in great danger | | |
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“. . . [The
Spaniards] asked Motecuhzoma [also known as Montezuma] about the city's resources and reserves and
about the warriors' ensigns and shields. They questioned him closely and then demanded
gold.
“Motecuhzoma guided them to it. They surrounded him and crowded close with their
weapons. He walked in the center, while they formed a circle around him. . . .
“When they arrived at the treasure house called Teucalco,
the riches of gold and feathers were brought out to them . . . .
“The
Spaniards immediately stripped the feathers from the gold shields and ensigns. They gathered all the
gold into a great mound and set fire to everything else, . . . Then they melted down the gold into
ingots. . . . The Spaniards searched through the whole treasure house, questioning and quarreling,
and seized every object they thought was beautiful.” | |
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41.
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 This excerpt from the Aztec account of the
conquest of Mexico describes the conquering Spaniards’ great desire to _____.a. | return to Spain
after their conquests | c. | acquire large
amounts of gold | b. | obtain Montezuma’s advice and
help | d. | gain knowledge
of a new culture | | | | |
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“. . . Next
they went to Motecuhzoma's storehouse, in the place called Totocalec [Place of the Palace of the
Birds], where his personal treasures were kept. The Spaniards grinned like little beasts and patted
each other with delight.
“When they entered the hall of treasures, it was as if
they had arrived in Paradise. . . .” | |
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42.
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 Which best describesthe attitude of the
Aztec writer of this excerpt towards the Spaniards?a. | impressed by
them | c. | terrified by
them | b. | understanding of
them | d. | disgusted with
them | | | | |
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“. . . [The province of Quivira] is the best I have ever
seen for producing all the products of Spain. . . the land itself being very fat and black and being
very well watered by the rivulets and springs and rivers, . . . I have treated the natives of this
province, and all the others whom I found wherever I went, as well as was possible, agreeably to what
Your Majesty had commanded, . . . [T]here is not any gold nor any other metal in all that country,
and the other things of which they had told me are nothing but little villages, . .
.”
–Francisco Vásquez de Coronado, Letter to Charles I of
Spain | |
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43.
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 In this passage, the Spanish explorer Coronado
reports to the King of Spain that he has discovered _____.a. | some very rich
land for farming | c. | native peoples
that he has enslaved | b. | the legendary “Seven Cities of
Cibola” | d. | vast gold and
silver deposits | | | | |
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“ . . . After nine days' march I reached some plains, so vast that I did not find
their limit anywhere that I went, although I traveled over them for more than 300 leagues. And I
found such a quantity of cows in these, of the kind that I wrote Your Majesty about, which they have
in this country, that it is impossible to number them, for while I was journeying through these
plains, until I returned to where I first found them, there was not a day that I lost sight of them.
And after seventeen days' march I came to a settlement of Indians who are called Querechos, who
travel around with these cows, who do not plant, and who eat the raw flesh and drink the blood of the
cows they kill, and they tan the skins of the cows, with which all the people of this country dress
themselves here. . . .” | |
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44.
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 In this excerpt from a letter from the Spanish
explorer Coronado to his king, the vast number of “cows” he mentions seeing in what may
have been the Great Plains region were _____.a. | wild horses | c. | cattle | b. | buffalo | d. | oxen | | | | |
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“Unless I am convicted by the testimony of scripture or
plain reason (for I believe neither in Pope nor councils alone, since it is agreed that they have
often erred and contradicted themselves), I am bound by the scriptures I have quoted, and my
conscience is captive to the Word of God. I neither can nor will revoke anything, for it is neither
safe nor honest to act against one's conscience. Amen.”
–Martin
Luther, Answer before the Diet of Worms, 1521 | |
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45.
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 In this passage, Martin Luther’s says that he
will not renounce his teachings and writings because _____.a. | he has faith in
the Pope and the Church councils | b. | the Bible is inconsistent in its
teachings | c. | he will not go against his conscience | d. | he does not
believe in the power of reason | | |
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“ . . .Sieur de Monts desired to attempt what had been given up in despair, and
requested a commission for this purpose of his Majesty, being satisfied that the previous enterprises
had failed because the undertakers of them had not received assistance, who had not succeeded, in one
nor even two years' time, in making the acquaintance of the regions and people there, nor in finding
harbors adapted for a settlement. He proposed to his Majesty a means for covering these expenses,
without drawing any thing from the royal revenues; viz., by granting to him the monopoly of the
fur-trade in this land. This having been granted to him, he made great and excessive outlays, and
carried out with him a large number of men of various vocations. . .
.”
–Samuel de Champlain, Voyages,
1603 | |
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46.
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 In this excerpt, Samuel de Champlain reports that
Sieur de Monts has obtained a monopoly on the fur trade to pay for his efforts to
_____.a. | search for a
northern passage to China | b. | reinforce the settlement of New
France | c. | explore the entire Mississippi River | d. | build forts and
create an army | | |
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Matching
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Match
each item with the correct statement below. a. | Hernán Cortés | d. | strait | b. | mestizos | e. | caravel | c. | Mansa Musa | | | | |
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47.
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three-masted
ship
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48.
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Mali's
greatest king
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49.
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narrow,
twisting passage to an ocean
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50.
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conquered
the Aztec Empire
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51.
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people with
Spanish and Native American parents
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Match
each item with the correct statement below. a. | Askiya Muhammad | d. | Gold Coast | b. | Montezuma | e. | New York City | c. | Leif
Eriksson | | | | |
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52.
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West African
coast
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53.
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Viking
sailor
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54.
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Aztec
emperor
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55.
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leader of
the Songhai
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56.
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once named
New Amsterdam
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Short Answer
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Spain: King Ferdinand and Queen Isabella | Portugal: King
John II | • answered Columbus’s plea for
support | • rebuffed
Columbus’s plea for support | • sought a direct route to India not already controlled by
Portugal | • already
controlled some routes to India, including one along the African coast | • mainly
interested in natural resources and settlements | • mainly interested in trade | • signed
Treaty of Tordesillas that set bounds on each country’s colonial
expansion | • signed
Treaty of Tordesillas that set bounds on each country’s colonial
expansion | | |
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57.
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| On how many points did
the two countries agree? | | |
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58.
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59.
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| Why do you think the
Treaty of Tordesillas was important to Spain and Portugal? | | |
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60.
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| Which country was
interested in colonizing the Americas? | | |
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61.
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| Which points on the
chart led you to this answer? | | |
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62.
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| What country was the
destination of the trade route? | | |
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The Massacre in the Main Temple During the Fiesta of
Toxcatl
“At this
moment in the fiesta, when the dance was loveliest and when song was linked to song, the Spaniards
were seized with an urge to kill the celebrants. They all ran forward, armed as if for battle. They
closed the entrances and passageways, all the gates of the patio: the Eagle Gate in the lesser
palace, the Gate of the Canestalk and the Gate of the Serpent of Mirrors. They posted guards so that
no one could escape, and then rushed into the Sacred Patio to slaughter the celebrants. . .
.”
–Aztec account of Spanish arrival in Tenochtitlán,
1519 | |
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63.
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| Why do you think
that the Spaniards were “seized with an urge to kill the celebrants” during this Aztec
festival? | | |
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“. . . Some [men] aim at gain, some at glory, some at the
public weal. The greater number are engaged in trade, and especially that which is transacted on the
sea. . . . This is what raised ancient Rome to the sovereignty and mastery over the entire world, and
the Venetians to a grandeur equal to that of powerful kings. . . . For this reason, many princes have
striven to find a northerly route to China, . . . in the belief that this route would be shorter and
less dangerous.”
–Samuel de
Champlain, Voyages, 1603 | |
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64.
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| According to
this excerpt from Champlain’s writings, why have explorers sought a northern route to
China? | | |
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Essay
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65.
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How did the
growth of trade lead to the Renaissance?
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66.
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How did the
need for new trade routes lead to the discovery of the Americas?
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67.
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What were
the effects of the Spanish conquistadors on the peoples of South America?
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68.
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How did
religion develop in the Americas?
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69.
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What factors
led to the conquest of Native Americans by the Spanish?
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70.
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What role
did mercantilism play in the exploration of the Americas by Europeans?
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